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Italians Have Been Getting Blitzed on Wine for a Very Long Time. When we think about wine in Italian history, we think of the booze soaked bacchanalias of ancient Rome. But it turns out that Italians were using wine to get their drunk on long before that, as evidenced by an exciting new discovery of the regions oldest vino near a Copper Age site in Sicily. Its a spicy meatball indeed. In a study published in Microchemical Journal, the researchers describe their big find a jar dating back to the early 4th millennium BCE. After chemically testing the piece of pottery, the team found traces of tartaric acid, which is one of the main acids in wine. Its saltscalled tartrateswere also found in the jug. Archaeologists have previously posited that Italian wine production started around the Middle Bronze Age, or 1. BCE. In 2. 01. 5, researchers at the University of Cagliari found 3,0. Vernaccia and Malvasia grape seeds in Sardinia, proving Italian wine production has been around for an incredibly long time. To this day, its one of the top wine producers in the world in a neck and neck competition with France. Last year, it produced 1. CBS News. While we know that theres nothing like a nice vintage, maybe Bronze Age era wine would be a bit too full bodied. But to my fellow Italian Americans and Italians all over the world, I say saluteWelcome to the Deadspin 25, a college football poll that strives to be more democratic and less useless than every other preseason poll. Leading up to the college. When we think about wine in Italian history, we think of the boozesoaked bacchanalias of ancient Rome. But it turns out that Italians were using wine to get their. Hennings Rhododendron Azalea Pages. Culture How To Grow. Rhododendrons and Azaleas. Steps to Growing Rhododendrons and Azaleas Rhododendrons and azaleas need their cultural requirements met. These requirements basically are. I. Variety The rhododendron or azalea must be suitable for the climate where it is planted. Some varieties are too tender for harsh winters, too tender for very hot weather or full sun, too sensitive to droughts or wet conditions. For specific problems, visit Cold Resistance, Sun Shade, and Heat Tolerance. B/1AeWNcoy/rszdsc0588.jpg' alt='Circle Takes The Square As The Roots Undo' title='Circle Takes The Square As The Roots Undo' />Select the variety for the location. Different varieties grow different heights. Some are tall, over 6, and some are dwarf, barely 1. Unfortunately, most rhododendrons never stop getting taller, but their height is quoted for plants that are 1. But if you choose plants that are the right size to begin with, they are relatively maintenance free. The American Rhododendron Society website has good charts for rhododendrons and azaleas giving the hardiness and height. Circle Takes The Square As The Roots Undo' title='Circle Takes The Square As The Roots Undo' />Circle Takes The Square As The Roots Undo VinylOther very useful charts on the ARS website are the Proven Performer Lists that list the favorite rhododendron and azaleas plants for different parts of the US and Canada. The American Rhododendron Society has also applied quality ratings to most rhododendrons and azaleas that are commercially available. The scales run from 1 to 5 for the flower and also for the plant, where 5 is best for the flower and the plant. For example 43 has a rating of 4 for the flower and 3 for the plant. Many nurseries such as Greer Gardens publish these rating for all of their plants. Greer Gardens website has the most comprehensive list of descriptions and photos of rhododendrons and azaleas that are available in the trade. II. Soil Drainage Rhododendrons and azaleas thrive in moist, well drained soils high in organic matter. Rhododendrons and azaleas have shallow fine silk like roots. These roots do not tolerate water saturated soil conditions but do require moist soils. Poor drainage and wet soils are problems often associated with heavy clay and compacted soil. To test drainage, dig a hole about 1. Then after it drains, fill it with water again and see how long it takes to drain. If the hole drains within an hour you have good drainage. If the water has not drained out of the hole within four hours, the soil is poorly drained and you must correct the drainage problem before planting. Planting in raised beds is the best solution in heavy soils. Raised beds are built on top of the native soil to a depth of 1. Raised beds may require watering during the summer as they dry out faster. Moist well drained soil is a must for most varieties. This sounds difficult, but it means to not let the soil dry out completely but dont get it too wet. Thoroughly water if necessary and then let it become almost dry. Most gardeners do this by planting in a well drained area and mulching to hold the soil moisture in. Then, watering is seldom necessary except during long dry periods. Conditions that provide good drainage usually provide good aeration. However, aeration is sufficiently important that it must be emphasized. The soil must be aerated since the bacteria that make nutrients available to the roots require oxygen. For specific problems, visit Drainage, Aeration, Soil Mix, Watering. III. Acid Soil Rhododendrons and azaleas prefer acidic soils having a p. H between 4. 5 to 6. Rhododendrons and azaleas will let you know if the p. H is not correct. If the leaves turn yellow between green veins then you most likely have a p. H problem.  If this occurs, a soil test is suggested for exact recommendations on adding a soil amendment to the soil in order to adjust the p. H.   Materials commonly used to lower soil p. H are wettable sulfur or ferrous sulfate. Hennings rhododendron and azalea page how to grow them and trouble shooting problems. Having looked at the simple set of builtin image wrapping and distortion operators IM has provided since its early days, here we go deeper and look at the internal. Software Solution Expertise with Local Roots and National Reach Accounting Software Sage ERP, Customer Relationship Management Sage CRM, EMail Marketing. InformationWeek. com News, analysis and research for business technology professionals, plus peertopeer knowledge sharing. Engage with our community. Do not use aluminum sulfate to acidify the soil it is toxic to rhododendron and azalea roots. Avoid planting azaleas near concrete sidewalks, driveways or foundations that may leach out lime which raises the p. Science And Practice Of Strength Training Pdf more. H.   In rare cases, the p. H may be too low. This is equally serious and must be rectified. The recommendation is usually to use dolomitic limestone. For specific problems, visit Soil Requirements and p. H. IV. Planting Most rhododendron and azalea plants sold at nurseries and garden centers are sold in containers. These plants have a potentially serious problem when the roots reach the container and start circling inside the pot. They become pot bound or root bound. Before planting, these roots must be cut so they dont continue to grow and start strangling other roots. Many apparently healthy plants die when the roots start strangling each other. To prevent this, it is necessary to remove the plant from the container and examine their roots. If the plants appear pot bound and have a thick, dense mat of fibrous roots along the surface of the root ball, use a knife to make vertical cuts about every 2 inches and 2 inches or more deep, equally spaced around the sides of the root ball. Then use your hands to gently loosen the roots where cuts were made and pull the roots outward. This process stimulates new root growth and allows water and nutrients to penetrate into the root mass. If the roots are not pot bound, it is not necessary to slice them with a knife, but it is beneficial to loosen and pull them outward with your hands. When working with roots, make sure the plant is thoroughly watered. Any roots that dry out will die. V. Fertilizing When rhododendrons and azaleas are not planted in ideal locations they may develop chlorosis. Chlorosis is yellowing of a leaf between dark green veins. It is caused by malnutrition that can be caused by a wide variety of conditions. Ralph Ronnie Ricky Mike Johnny Bobby New Edition. They include alkalinity of the soil, potassium deficiency, calcium deficiency, iron deficiency, magnesium deficiency, nitrogen toxicity usually caused by nitrate fertilizers or other conditions that damage the roots such as root rot, severe cutting of the roots, root weevils or root death caused by extreme amounts of fertilizer. In any case, a combination of acidification with sulfur and iron supplements such as chelated iron or iron sulfate will usually treat this problem. Holly tone contains these elements and 4 6 4 fertilizer. It is best applied in the spring prior to blooming to make sure the plant is healthy when forming next years flower buds. If you missed applying it in the early spring, it can be applied up until mid summer. Rhododendrons do best when left alone in the right conditions. You dont need to use Holly tone or any fertilizer unless the plant shows signs of malnutrition. For specific problems, visit Fertilizing. VI. Sun Shade Some shade is the best. Some varieties like full sun to bloom but others suffer from too much sun. This is a trial and error thing unless you know the variety and can look it up. More sun stimulates flowering and but may trigger lace bug infestations. Prune off lower branches of shade trees so that you have high shade above your rhododendrons. This is ideal for a healthy rhododendron bed. For specific problems, visit Sun Shade and Shade Sun Tolerant Rhododendrons. VII. Mulching Rhododendrons do best when they have about a 2 to 3 layer of mulch to hold in moisture, prevent weeds, and keep the roots cool. Since most mulches are organic, they need to be topped off periodically, usually about every year or two. Do not make the mulch over 3 thick.